Employees
- Writing tender specifications in a way that favours a particular supplier
- Frequently using exemptions to circumvent competitive procurement
- Frequently extending contracts
- Accepting late or suspicious bids
- Not declaring connections with bidder (eg family member or friend), as well as actual or perceived conflicts of interest
- Accepting offers of gifts, benefits or hospitality
- Releasing sensitive information (eg tender specifications) to a particular bidder
Suppliers
- Submitting suspicious bids (eg fake companies, subsidiaries, shell companies or affiliates) to give the appearance of competition
- Not declaring connections with another bidder (eg same names, contact details)
- Submitting bids that vary significantly from others
- Offering gifts, benefits or hospitality